1.
In monopolar electrosurgery, the ______ components complete the electrical circuit.
2.
Electrosurgery operates at high frequencies of over 100,000 Hz, which is also the frequency at which:
3.
Three variables that impact the tissue effects of APC are:
4.
APC allows _____ to be transferred to the targeted tissue as ionized argon gas.
5.
The heat energy produced in APC evaporates intracellular and extracellular water and denatures protein, thereby producing:
6.
Folch, et al. concluded that APC should only be done using a direct contact fashion with the shortest pulse duration and lowest gas flow rate in order to minimize the risk of complications.
7.
The benefits of APC include:
1. Depth of coagulation is limited.
2. Energy is applied in a controlled, gradual manner.
3. Non-contact application.
4. Lateral tissue damage is low.
8.
Application of APC can be axial, lateral or circumferential.
9.
A neutral electrode is not required for APC.
10.
In an APC system, the ESU must provide sufficient _____ to initiate ionization of the argon gas.
11.
The endoscopic argon plasma probe typically consists of a polytetrafluoroethylene tube and a tungsten electrode located in the probe.
12.
All safety measures for the use of monopolar electrosurgery must be implemented when using APC.
13.
Purging air in some systems from the argon gas line before use is important in order to minimize the risk of:
14.
The flow of argon gas should be set to the highest level in order to produce the desired clinical effect quickly.
15.
In their study of APC in the treatment of patients with chronic radiation proctitis, Swan, et al. concluded that APC:
1. Was successful in patients who had failed other therapies
2. Was not successful in patients who had failed other therapies
3. Resulted in an increased number of treatments
4. Resulted in a reduced number of treatments
5. Resulted in an increased incidence of short-term complications
6. Demonstrated no long-term complications
16.
In the treatment of tumor in-growth into metal mesh stents, short activations of APC are effective because the plasma is attracted to the tumor tissue, not to the stent.
17.
One of the advantages of using APC in the treatment of GAVE is its limited depth of penetration, which decreases the risk of perforation.
18.
Preoperatively, a full colonoscopy preparation is necessary for patients undergoing APC in order to reduce the risk of:
19.
During the endoscopic procedure using APC, the disposable probe should be visually inspected prior to use.
20.
Post-procedure nursing care includes:
